Several PDX models are available for bladder cancer, including xenografts that are muscle-invasive.  These models all follow the overall structure and morphology of the source human tumors when engrafted at a low passage number into immunocompromised mice.

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Tumor Type	Mutations	Comments
Urothelial Carcinoma TP53	TP53, ATM, FLT3, PTPN11
Urothelial Carcinoma invasive

TP53—tumor suppressor p53: Mutations in p53 lead to genomic instability and lower sensitivity to DNA damaging agents.

ATM—ataxia-telangiectasia mutated: Plays a central role in response to chemical and ionizing-radiation induced DNA damage. Mutations in ATM increase sensitivity to ionizing radiation.

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